Pattern of lymphadenopathy in fine needle aspiration cytology: a retrospective study.

Background: Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying disease may range from treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasm. In fact it is also essential to establish that swelling in question is lymph node. Incidence of lymphadenopathy appears to be increasing especially among young adults all over the world. Inflammatory and immune reaction are most frequent cause of lymph node enlargement and are self limiting in majority of cases. Lymphnode are also affected as a result of primary neoplasm or from metastasis of malignant neoplasm from regional and distant organ. Aims: Study different cytomorphological patterns associated with various lymphadenopathy and spectrum of lesion with respect to age and sex. Methods: A total of 1774 cases came for FNAC of lymphnode in the Department of Pathology, MMC & RI, MYSORE from NOV 2011 to OCT 2014 were retrieved and studied retrospectively. Results: Out of total cases, 908 were males and 865 females with age range from 3mth to 90 years with maximum number of cases diagnosed with reactive lymphadenopathy (26.2%) followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy (21.2%), Non specific lymphadenitis (18.5%), granulomatous lymphadenitis (14.65%), tuberculous lymphadenitis (14.65%), suppurative lymphadenitis (3.94%) and lymphoma(0.73%). Conclusion: FNAC recognized as a diagnostic technique because of simplicity, cost effectiveness, easily availability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. With the advent of FNAC most of inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic condition can be diagnosed without biopsy.

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast-A rare neoplasm with transitional cell differentiation: An exceptional feature.

Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are malignant breast neoplasms composed of a mixture of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The rarity of this tumor is exemplified by the fact that it accounts for only about 0.2% of all breast carcinomas. It can present histologically with diverse differentiation and the exact histogenesis of these tumors is unknown. The present case is reported for its rarity and for the presence of transitional cell differentiation along with the other usual components of metaplastic carcinoma. Transitional cell differentiation in a metaplastic carcinoma has not been documented in the literature. Besides this, it highlights the importance of special stains and immunohistochemistry in evaluating these carcinomas and the need for early diagnosis and excision of these tumors as these carcinomas generally have a poorer prognosis as compared to breast carcinomas without metaplasia, with the tumor size having an important bearing on the outcome of this condition.

Placental site trophoblastic tumour: a case report.

Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is a rare form of trophoblastic disease accounting for < 2% of all gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Most of the cases follow a normal pregnancy and a small number have a preceeding molar pregnancy or spontaneous abortion. It can occur as early as several weeks or as late as 15 years after normal delivery, molar pregnancy or abortion. Excessive intermediate trophoblastic activity is the most important diagnostic criterion of this tumour originating from non villous trophoblast. But the possibility of a PSTT should be considered when there is excessive intermediate trophoblastic activity despite the presence of chorionic villi as in the present case. This case report highlights the unusual features like rarity of the tumour (< 2%), occurrence following spontaneous abortion which happens only in a minority of cases, and presence of chorionic villi in the tumour despite the fact that the tumour is of non villous trophoblastic origin.

Carcinoma within a fibroadenoma: a case report.

Carcinoma within a fibroadenoma is an extremely rare occurrence with a reported incidence of 0.1% and is most often diagnosed incidentally on post-operative examination of excision biopsy specimens. One such case is reported here for its rarity and also for stressing upon the need for compulsory excision of all breast masses clinically diagnosed as fibroadenoma and for highlighting the importance of histopathological evaluation of all breast masses irrespective of their clinical diagnosis as benign.